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Listen to the biggest hits from David Ford, including Pour a Little Poison, Go To Hell, State of the Union, and more. Check it out on Slacker Radio, on free internet stations like Eclectic Rock too.

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David James Ford (born 16 May 1978 in Dartford, Kent) is an English singer-songwriter, guitarist and songwriter. He first achieved prominence with the indie rock group Easyworld, who released an independent mini-album, ..Better Ways to Self Destruct and two full-length albums on Jive Records before disbanding in 2004.

As a solo artist, he has released six albums to date, two of which were named 'Album of The Year' in both The Sunday Times and Word Magazine. David has toured the world opening for such artists as KT Tunstall, Gomez, Elvis Costello, Ingrid Michaelson and Ray LaMontagne and he has played the UK Latitude Festival, Bonnaroo and Austin City Limits. Ford has also performed on Last Call With Carson Daly and Sun Studio Sessions. The Guardian called him “unmissable.. one of Britain's best.'

• 1History
• 2Discography

History[edit]

Early years and Easyworld[edit]

Having played in several local groups together through their school years, Ford - who went on to attend Manchester University - and drummer Glenn Hooper formed the band Beachy Head in Eastbourne in the late 1990s. Soon after, the band was completed by bassist Jo Taylor. The trio recorded several demos and an unreleased album as Beachy Head before renaming the band Easyworld. The new name for the band was taken from the line 'It's an easy world' in their song Better Ways to Self Destruct.

From 2001 to 2004, the group released one mini-album, two full-length albums and several singles. After lacklustre sales of their final record, Kill the Last Romantic, Ford privately announced his intention to disband the group. After several short festival performances and radio appearances to promote their final single, How Did It Ever Come to This?, Easyworld announced their split in September 2004. Their last public performance was at the Staffordshire date of 2004s V Festival on 22 August.

Solo career[edit]

Almost immediately after Easyworld's dissolution, Ford began to play a sporadic series of intimate solo gigs, debuting a number of songs which would later appear on his first solo album. In 2005, he embarked on his first headline solo tour. Fan favourite 'State of the Union' was released as his debut single on 26 September 2005, followed swiftly by his self-recorded debut album I Sincerely Apologise For All The Trouble I've Caused.

After a support tour with Starsailor and a sold-out headline tour in February 2006 and the release of his second single, 'I Don't Care What You Call Me', David confirmed headline shows in Ireland as well as shows across the US and high-profile slots supporting KT Tunstall, Richard Ashcroft, Elvis Costello and Gomez. His debut was released in the United States in May 2006 by Columbia Records.

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After supporting Suzanne Vega on her UK tour, Ford released his second solo album, Songs for the Road in August 2007.^[1] He toured extensively to support the album in October 2007 and toured the US in May 2008. The album was released in the US on Original Signal Records on 1 April 2008. Ford released a cover of The Smiths' 'There Is a Light That Never Goes Out' as a bonus track.^[2] His third studio album, Let The Hard Times Roll, was released on 3 February 2010.^[3]

David released his most successful album to date, Charge, in the UK in March 2013, and America in June 2013. Charge was produced by James Brown, who had just completed Dave Grohl’s most recent Sound City project and is a big fan of David’s music. Brown agreed to produce and mix the new album on his kitchen table in Brooklyn, NY for the price of a few pizzas.^{[citation needed]} Charge debuted on the UK independent Album Chart at #30 and peaked on the UK iTunes singer songwriter chart at #3 and the UK Top 40 Main iTunes Chart at #43. A review in The Daily Telegraph praised both the album and the accompanying tour: 'His fourth solo album of smart, angry, witty, emotional songs delivered with raw-throated passion. Live, he is something to behold, a one man band looping up an acoustic storm…stirring and extraordinary.'

In 2012, Ford's 2008 single I'm alright now was pitched to French singer Johnny Hallyday, and became a hit in January 2013 under the name 20 ans ('20 years') with French lyrics by Christophe Miossec. In February 2014, this song was awarded 'Best Original Song' at the Victoires de la Musique awards, sometimes referred to as 'the French Grammys', with Ford and Miossec accepting the award on stage in Paris.^[4]

Personal life[edit]

Ford is married to Emma Ellis.^[5] He has stated that his favourite place to perform in the USA is Philadelphia, PA.^[6]

Discography[edit]

Studio albums[edit]

• I Sincerely Apologise for All the Trouble I've Caused (2005)
• Songs for the Road (2007)
• Let the Hard Times Roll (2010)
• Charge (2013)
• The Arrangement (2014) ^[7]
• Animal Spirits (2018)

Single releases[edit]

References[edit]

1. ^Street Hows, Zoe (10 August 2007). 'David Ford Songs For The Road Review'. BBC. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
2. ^Covermesongsa.com
3. ^'Let the Hard Times Roll - new album available'. David Ford. 1 February 2010. Archived from the original on 7 February 2009. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
4. ^Ingham, Tim. 'British songwriter David Ford wins 'French Grammy''. MusicWeek. Retrieved 1 March 2014.
5. ^Ford, David. (2011). I Choose This. The Magnolia Label /Los Caballos Media Empire. p. 79.
6. ^'About David'. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
7. ^'The Arrangement – OUT NOW'. David Ford. 17 November 2014. Archived from the original on 29 August 2016. Retrieved 24 August 2016.

Notes[edit]

^ Brown, Marisa. Review of I Sincerely Apologise For All The Trouble I've Caused. Allmusic. Retrieved May 2006.

External links[edit]

• David Ford on Twitter
• David Ford on Facebook

Animal spirits is the term John Maynard Keynes used in his 1936 book The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money to describe the instincts, proclivities and emotions that ostensibly influence and guide human behavior, and which can be measured in terms of, for example, consumer confidence. It has since been argued that trust is also included in or produced by 'animal spirits'.

• 2Earlier uses

Use by Keynes[edit]

The original passage by Keynes reads:

Even apart from the instability due to speculation, there is the instability due to the characteristic of human nature that a large proportion of our positive activities depend on spontaneous optimism rather than mathematical expectations, whether moral or hedonistic or economic. Most, probably, of our decisions to do something positive, the full consequences of which will be drawn out over many days to come, can only be taken as the result of animal spirits—a spontaneous urge to action rather than inaction, and not as the outcome of a weighted average of quantitative benefits multiplied by quantitative probabilities.^[1]

Earlier uses[edit]

Philosophy and social science[edit]

The first use of the notion animal spirits is described by Descartes, Newton and other scientists on how the notion for the vitality of the body is used.

These animal spirits are of an æthereal nature. In one of his letters about light, Newton wrote that the animated spirits very easily live in 'the brain, nerves, and muscles, may become a convenient vessel to hold so subtil a spirit.' The spirit Newton is talking about here are the animated spirits that have an ethereal nature. It relates to life in the body. Later it became a concept that acquired a psychological content but was always thought of in connection with the life processes of the body. Therefore, retained a lower overall animal status.^[2]

William Safire explored origins of the phrase in his 2009 article 'On Language: 'Animal Spirits':

The phrase that Keynes made famous in economics has a long history. 'Physitions teache that there ben thre kindes of spirites', wrote Bartholomew Traheron in his 1543 translation of a text on surgery, 'animal, vital, and natural. The animal spirite hath his seate in the brayne .. called animal, bycause it is the first instrument of the soule, which the Latins call animam.' William Wood in 1719 was the first to apply it in economics: 'The Increase of our Foreign Trade..whence has arisen all those Animal Spirits, those Springs of Riches which has enabled us to spend so many millions for the preservation of our Liberties.' Hear, hear. Novelists seized its upbeat sense with enthusiasm. Daniel Defoe, in 'Robinson Crusoe': 'That the surprise may not drive the Animal Spirits from the Heart.' Jane Austen used it to mean 'ebullience' in 'Pride and Prejudice': 'She had high animal spirits.' Benjamin Disraeli, a novelist in 1844, used it in that sense: 'He..had great animal spirits, and a keen sense of enjoyment.'^[3]

Thomas Hobbes used the phrase 'animal spirits' to refer to passive emotions and instincts, as well as natural functions like breathing.^[4]

Ralph Waldo Emerson in Society and Solitude (1870) wrote of 'animal spirits' as prompting people to action, in a broader sense than Keynes's:

A cold, sluggish blood thinks it has not facts enough to the purpose, and must decline its turn in the conversation. But they who speak have no more,—have less. 'T is not new facts that avail, but the heat to dissolve everybody's facts. Heat puts you in right relation with magazines of facts. The capital defect of cold, arid natures is the want of animal spirits. They seem a power incredible, as if God should raise the dead.^[5]

In social science, Karl Marx refers to 'animal spirits' in the 1887 English translation of Capital, Volume 1. Marx speaks of the animal spirits of the workers, which he believes a capitalist can impel by encouraging social interaction and competition within her factory^[6] or depress by adopting assembly-line work whereby the worker repeats a single task.^[7]

Earlier and contemporaneous English use[edit]

'Animal spirits' was a euphemistic late-Victorian and Edwardian phrase used by English public school boys such as P. G. Wodehouse (born two years before the Etonian Keynes) who attended Dulwich College. Wodehouse and Arthur Conan Doyle were popular authors for public school boys in England before the Great War. Doyle himself used the phrase 'animal spirits' in 1883, the year of Keynes's birth.

Though a hard reader, he was no bookworm, but an active, powerful young fellow, full of animal spirits and vivacity, and extremely popular among his fellow-students.

Two examples of Wodehouse's use of the phrase are in the 1909 book Mike (later republished in two parts as Mike at Wrykyn and Mike and Psmith). 'Animal spirits' denoted an adolescent attitude to authority that resulted in energetically and deliberately acting on advice, opinion, or exhortation to the point of stretching the letter of any regulations involved to the limit. The aim was to maximise short-term disruption of what was considered to be 'normal' behaviour. Restoring equilibrium subsequently required a firm sanction from those in authority and possibly also a re-casting of the regulation to prevent repeats of the actions undertaken. The slang term of the era for this was 'ragging'.^{[citation needed]}

There was, as a matter of fact, nothing much wrong with Stone and Robinson. They were just ordinary raggers of the type found at every public school, small and large. They were absolutely free from brain. They had a certain amount of muscle, and a vast store of animal spirits. They looked on school life purely as a vehicle for ragging.

Then what did you MEAN by putting it there?' roared Mr. Downing.

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'Animal spirits, sir,' said Psmith.
'WHAT!'

'Animal spirits, sir.

Wodehouse uses antithesis in the latter example to make comedy out of Mr. Downing's astonishment; surely nobody could be less susceptible to 'animal spirits' than the suave, debonaire Psmith? Psmith In The City (1910) was based on Wodehouse's own experiences in the 'square mile' and the theme is implicitly elaborated on in the financial environment of the New Asiatic Bank.

John Coates of Cambridge University supports the popular English Edwardian public school intuition that qualities such as dynamism and leadership coexist with less constructive traits such as recklessness, heedlessness, and in-caution.^[9] Coates attributes this to fluctuations in hormonal balances; abnormally high levels of testosterone may create individual success but also collective excessive aggression, overconfidence, and herd behaviour, while too much cortisol can promote irrational pessimism and risk aversion. The author's remedy for this is to shift the employment balance in finance towards women and older men and monitor traders' biology.

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Contemporary research[edit]

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Recent research shows that the term 'animal spirits' was used in the works of a psychologist that Keynes had studied in 1905 and also suggests that Keynes implicitly drew upon an evolutionary understanding of human instinct.^{[clarification needed][10]}

In 2009, economists Akerlof and Shiller advised in addition that:

The proper role of the government, like the proper role of the advice-book parent, is to set the stage. The stage should give full rein to the creativity of capitalism. But it should also countervail the excesses that occur because of our animal spirits.

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^Keynes, John M. (1936). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London. Macmillan. pp. 161-162.
2. ^Hypothesis explaining the properties of light Thomas Birch, The History of the Royal Society, vol. 3 (London: 1757), pp. 247-305.
3. ^'Animal Spirits', by William Safire, The New York Times, 10 March 2009
4. ^Hobbes, Thomas. Leviathan. pp. Chapter 34.
5. ^Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1870). Society and Solitude. Boston: Fields, Osgood & Co. p. 11.
6. ^Marx, Karl. 'Chapter 13: Cooperation'. Capital, Volume 1.
7. ^Marx, Karl. 'Chapter 14: Division of Labour and Manufacture'. Capital, Volume 1.
8. ^https://www.arthur-conan-doyle.com/index.php?title=The_Silver_Hatchet#The_Silver_Hatchet
9. ^Coates, John (14 June 2012). The hour between dog and wolf: risk-taking, gut feelings and the biology of boom and bust (1st American ed.). New York: Penguin Press. ISBN978-1594203381.
10. ^Barnett, Vincent (2015-06-01). 'Keynes and the Psychology of Economic Behavior: From Stout and Sully to The General Theory'. History of Political Economy. 47 (2): 307–333. doi:10.1215/00182702-2884345. ISSN0018-2702.
11. ^Akerlof, George A.; Shiller, Robert J. (2009). Animal Spirits: How Human Psychology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN978-0691142333.

External links[edit]

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• 'Animal spirits' from The Economist's economic terms
• 'A special report on the future of finance: Wild-animal spirits', The Economist, 22 January 2009
• 'Animal Spirits Depend on Trust: The proposed stimulus isn't big enough to restore confidence' by Robert J. Shiller, The Wall Street Journal, 27 January 2009
• Loewenstein, George and Ted O'Donoghue. 'Animal Spirits: Affective and Deliberative Processes in Economic Behavior', Cornell University Working Paper 04-14, August 2004
• In 2013, NPR's Planet Money produced a video series and web site following the making of a tee shirt that they designed, featuring a visual pun on Keynes' animal spirits.

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